Shock wave firefox

Author: s | 2025-04-24

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RA (1977) Phase transitions under shock wave loading. Rev Mod Phys 43:523–579Article ADS Google Scholar Dlott DD (1995) Picosecond dynamics behind shock front. J Phys IV:C4, Suppl. III(5):C4-337-1-7 Google Scholar Noack J, Vogel A (1998) Single-shot spatially resolved characterization of laser-induced shock waves in water. Appl Opt 37:4092–4099Article ADS Google Scholar Nagayama K, Mori Y, Motegi Y, Nakahara M (2006) Shock Hugoniot for biological materials. Shock Waves 15:267–275Article ADS Google Scholar Nellis WJ, Moriarty JA, Mitchell AC, Ross M, Dandrea RG, Ashcroft NW, Holms NC, Gathers GR (1988) Metal physics at ultrahigh pressure: aluminum, copper, and lead as prototypes. Phys Rev Lett 60:1414–1417Article ADS Google Scholar Eliezer S, Ghatak A, Hora H (1986) An introduction to equation of state: theory and applications. Cambridge University Press Google Scholar Nagayama K (1994) New method of calculating shock temperature and entropy of solids based on the Hugoniot data. J Phys Soc Jpn 63:3737–3743Article ADS Google Scholar Chhabildas LC, Asay JR (1978) Rise-time measurements of shock transitions in aluminum, copper, and steel. J Appl Phys 50:2749–2754Article ADS Google Scholar Swegle JW, Grady DE (1985) Shock viscosity and the prediction of shock wave rise times. J Appl Phys 58:692–701Article ADS Google Scholar Rodean HC (1968) Relationship for condensed materials among heat of sublimation, shock-wave velocity, and particle velocity. J Chem Phys 49:4117–4127Article ADS Google Scholar Grüneisen E (1926) In: Greiger H, Scheel K (eds) Handbuch der Physik, 477, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–59 Google Scholar Steinberg D (1981) The temperature independence of Grüneisen gamma

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Courtesy of ACLS-Algotithms.com (Click image to view site)Editor’s Note:It’s funny how you can go an entire career doing something (CPB) and hear the same thing every day, but actually not evaluate what it means. Yes, I have taken ACLS and studied the electrophysiology of the heart.So anyway, we have just taken off the X-Clamp, and the patient is relatively warm, and we decide to cardiovert due to fibrillation. Pretty standard procedure- we see it more often than not. At this point the cv surgeon tells the nurse to go with an asynchronous as opposed to synchronous shock mode. I had a brief moment of clarity… for the first time in 3000+ hearts, I actually think to myself, disassemble the two words “synchronous” and “asynchronous” and realize I really didn’t understand the difference, or what physiologic conditions dictated which mode to use.I feel foolish in revealing this personal information gap or cluelessness, but I figure there might be a few others out there that may not truly understand this difference. So bear with me (those perfusion savants out there) and I’ll just go ahead and put down some Cardioversion 101 info here 🙂 Synchronized cardioversion is a LOW ENERGY SHOCK that uses a sensor to deliver electricity that is synchronized with the peak of the QRS complex (the highest point of the R-wave). When the “sync” option is engaged on a defibrillator and the shock button pushed, there will be a delay in the shock. During this delay, the machine reads and synchronizes with the patients ECG rhythm. This occurs so that the shock can be delivered with or just after the peak of the R-wave in the patients QRS complex.Synchronization avoids the delivery of a LOW ENERGY shock during cardiac repolarization (t-wave). If the shock occurs on the t-wave (during repolarization), there is a high likelihood that the shock can precipitate VF (Ventricular Fibrillation).The most common indications for synchronized cardioversion are unstable atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, and supraventricular tachycardias. If medications fail in the stable patient with the before mentioned arrhythmias, synchronized cardioversion will most likely be indicated.=Unsynchronized cardioversion (defibrillation) is a HIGH ENERGY shock which is delivered as soon as the shock button is pushed on a defibrillator. This means that the shock may fall randomly anywhere within the cardiac cycle (QRS complex). Unsynchronized cardioversion (defibrillation) is used when there is no coordinated intrinsic electrical activity in

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Solves gravity flow problems where the pipe is only partially full and is under the influence of an elevation head only.v = (1/n) R0.667 J0.5where,v = velocity, m/sn = Manning CoefficientR = Hydraulic mean radius, mJ = Hydraulic gradient, m/mManning Coefficient, n for ADPF fiber glass pipe is taken as 0.01Darcy-Weisbach Equation: It states that pressure drop is proportional to the square of the velocity and the length of the pipe. This equation is valid for all fluids in both laminar and turbulent flow. The disadvantage is that the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor is a variable.J = ( f.L.v2)/2.g.Dwhere,J = Head loss, mg = Gravity constant, 9.81 m/s2v = Velocity, m/sD = Inside diameter, mf = Friction factorL = Length of the pipe, mThe well known Reynolds number equation is used to characterize the fluid flow.If the flow is Laminar,f = 64 / ReIf the flow is Turbulent, the friction factor can be determined from the Moody diagram found in most fluid mechanics texts or calculated from the Colebrook equation. Pressure drop in fittings: Head Loss in Fittings is frequently expressed as the equivalent length of pipe that is added to the straight run of pipe as shown below. This approach is used most often with the Hazen-Williams orManning equations. The approach does not consider turbulence and subsequent losses created by different velocities.Fitting mm NB150200250300350400450500600700800900100090 Deg Elbow8.56.47.99.410.712.214.017.023.028.032.437.142.345 Deg Elbow3.53.44.25.05.76.58.210.913.616.220.123.525.6Tee11.014.417.821.124.027.532.838.349.561.572.984.696.8Surge pressure (Water Hammer): Pressure surge or Internal shock, known commonly as water hammer, results from abrupt change of velocity within the system. Under certain conditions, these shock forces can reach magnitude sufficient to rupture or collapse a piping system, regardless of the material of construction. The transient pressure is the rapidly moving wave which increases and decreases the pressure in the system depending on the source of the transient and direction of wave travel. Rapid valve closure can result in the build-up of shock waves due to the conversion of kinetic energy of the moving fluid to potential energy which must be accommodated. These pressure waves will travel throughout the piping system and can cause damage far away from the wave source.. Download Shock Wave for Firefox. הורדת Wave Shock עבור Firefox.

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Zel’dovich YaB, Raizer YuP (1967) Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena (English translation), vol 2. Academic Press, New York and London, pp 685–784 Google Scholar Davidson L, Shahinpoor M (eds) (1997) High-pressure shock compression of solids I–IV. Springer, New York Google Scholar Bethe H (1942) Theory of shock waves in a medium with arbitrary equation of state. Original paper in report. Republished in: Johnson JN, Cheret R (eds) Classic papers on shock compression science. Springer, London, 1998, pp 421–492 Google Scholar McQueen RG, Marsh SP, Taylor JW, Fritz JN, Carter WJ (1970) High velocity impact phenomena. In: Kinslow R (ed), Chap VII. Academic Press, New York, pp 293–417 Google Scholar Marsh SP (1981) Los Alamos shock Hugoniot data. University of California, Berkeley Google Scholar van Thiel M (1966) Compendium of shock wave data. University of California Press, Livermore, CA Google Scholar Entrance page to shock wave database (2002)Decarli PS, Jamieson JC (1961) Formation of diamond by explosive shock. Science 133:1821–1822Article ADS Google Scholar Prümmer R (2006) Explosive compaction of powders and composites. CRC Press, BerlinBook Google Scholar Cowan GR, Holtzman AH (1963) Flow configuration in colliding plates: explosive bonding. J Appl Phys 34:928–939Article ADS Google Scholar Christiansen EL (1995) Hypervelocity impact testing above 10 km/s of advanced orbital debris shields. In: Proceedings of APS conference on shock compression of condensed matter, pp 1183–1186 Google Scholar Mashimo T (1993) Shock waves in materials science. In: Sawaoka A (ed), Chap 6. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp 113–144 Google Scholar Duvall GE, Graham

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Students also studiedTextbook solutionsFlashcard setsStudy guidesWhat is the treatment of choice for ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia?- Defibrillation, which is most effective within 2 minutes of dysrhythmia because myocardial cells are not anoxic or acidic - depolarizes the cells and allows the SA node to resume the pacemaker role- Afterward, perform CPR.Delivery of an unsynchronized, direct countershock to the heart. Stops all electrical activity of the heart, allowing the SA node to take over and reestablish a perfusing rhythmDelivery of an unsynchronized, direct countershock to the heart. Stops all electrical activity of the heart, allowing the SA node to take over and reestablish a perfusing rhythmMonophasic defibrillator:Start the electrical impulse at _________ joules.- deliver energy in one direction- Typically start electrical impulse at 360Biphasic defibrillators:Start the electrical impulse at __________ joules.- deliver energy in two directions- Uses lower energies to deliver shock- Fewer postshock ECG dysrhythmias than monophasic- Typically start electrical impulse at 120 to 200- Uses lower energies to deliver shock- Fewer post-shock ECG dysrhythmias - Typically start electrical impulse at 120Is a Monophasic or Biphasic defibrillator being described?After defibrillation the nurse should ___________.What is the choice of therapy when the patient has a pulse accompanied by ventricular tachycardia or supraventricular tachydysrthmias (SVT) with an R-wave phenomenon?Synchronized cardioversion- Low voltage shocked timed with the R-wave of the QRS complex of the ECG. - TURN ON SYNC - Before shocking, syncing will occur, displaying a light over the QRS.synchronized cardioversionWhat is synchronized cardioversion?- Low voltage shocked timed with the R-wave of the QRS complex of the ECG. - PUSH THE SYNC BUTTON - Before shocking, syncing will occur, displaying a light over the QRS.synchronized cardioversion procedureSame as defibrillation except: NPO if elective procedure; anticoagulation - The synchronizer must be turned ON IV sedation if pt is awake, stable, and has a pulse. - Initial energy:Monophasic: 100 joules- Biphasic: 70 - 75 If the patient becomes pulseless OR develops VFib, TURN SYNC OFF AND DEFIBRILLATE Hold discharge button down until shock is delivered - make sure everybody stays clear until shock is delivereddefibrillation and CPRAmiodarone, LidocaineTorsades De Pointes Treatment

Shock wave - definition of shock wave by The Free Dictionary

Scale called the diatomic scale which has 8 intervals (octave + 7 other intervals).→ Shock wave: It is defined as the wave produced by a body moving with a speed greater than the speed of sound. Shock waves carry a large amount of energy and when strike a building rattling sound due to the vibration of the building is produced.→ Mach number: It is defined as the ratio of the velocity of the body producing shock waves to the velocity of sound.∴ Mach number = \(\frac{\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{s}}}{\mathrm{v}}\)→ Echo: It is defined as the repetition of the sound of short duration. It (echo) is heard if the minimum distance between the obstacle reflecting sound waves and the source of sound is 17 m.→ Reverberation: It is defined as the persistence or prolongation of audible sound after the source has stopped emitting sound. It is due to multiple reflections of sound waves.→ Reverberation time: It is defined as the time during which the intensity of sound falls to one million of its original value after the source has stopped producing it.→ The acoustics of Building: It is that branch of science which deals with the design of big halls and auditoriums so that a speech delivered or music produced in them is distinctly and clearly heard at all places in the building.Important Formulae:→ Velocity of wave: v = vλv = frequency of oscillator generating the waveλ = wavelength of the wavev = velocity of wave→ Velocity of transverse wave in a string:v = \(\sqrt{\frac{T}{m}}=\sqrt{\frac{T}{\pi r^{2} \rho}}\), whereρ = density of the material of stringr = radius of stringT = tension Applied on the stringm = mass per unit length of the string→ Newton’s form ula for velocity of sound in air:v = \(\sqrt{\frac{P}{\rho}}\)P = air pressureρ = density of air→ Velocity of elastic waves or longitudinal waves in a medium is:v = \(\sqrt{\frac{E}{\rho}}\)E = coefficient of elasticity of the mediumρ = density of the medium→ Leplace’s formula for velocity of sound is air/gases:v = \(\sqrt{\frac{\gamma \mathrm{P}}{\rho}}\) whereE = γP = adiabatic elasticity of air/gasρ = density of air/gasγ = CP/CV.→ Velocity of wave in gas/liquid medium (Longitudinal wave):V = \(\sqrt{\frac{Y}{\rho}}\), whereY = Young’s modulusρ = coefficient of rigidity→ Velocity as a function of:1. temperature, \(\frac{v_{1}}{v_{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}}\)2. density, \(\frac{v_{1}}{v_{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{\rho_{1}}{\rho_{2}}}\)→ The equation of a plane simple harmonic wave (progressive wave) travelling from left to right is:y = A sin 2π(\(\frac{\mathrm{t}}{\mathrm{T}}-\frac{\mathrm{x}}{\lambda}\))= A sin \(\frac{2 \pi}{\lambda}\)(vt – x)= A sin (ωt – kx)and from right to left i.e. along – X axis is obtained by replacingx = -x, i.e. y = A sin \(\frac{2 \pi}{\lambda}\)(vt – x)→ Phase difference = \(\frac{2 \pi}{\lambda}\) × path differenceorΔΦ = \(\frac{2 \pi}{\lambda}\) × Δx→ Total energy transmitted per Unit volume in waves. Download Shock Wave for Firefox.